View source for Andry Rajoelina

{{Short description|Leader of Madagascar (2009–2014; 2019–2023; 2023–2025)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Andry Rajoelina
| image               = President of the Republic of Madagascar Andry Rajoelina, Abu Dhabi, 2024.jpg
| caption             = Rajoelina in 2024
| order               = 8th
| office              = President of Madagascar
| term_start          = 16 December 2023
| term_end            = 14 October 2025
| primeminister       = {{ubl
  | [[Christian Ntsay]]
  | [[Ruphin Zafisambo]]
  }}
| predecessor         = [[Richard Ravalomanana]] (acting)
| successor           = [[Michael Randrianirina]]
| primeminister1      = Christian Ntsay
| term_start1         = 19 January 2019
| term_end1           = 9 September 2023
| predecessor1        = Rivo Rakotovao (acting)
| successor1          = Christian Ntsay (acting)
| term_start2         = 17 March 2009
| term_end2           = 25 January 2014<br>as [[High Transitional Authority#Leadership|President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar]]
| primeminister2      = {{List collapsed|title=''See list''
  | [[Monja Roindefo]]
  | [[Eugène Mangalaza]]
  | [[Cécile Manorohanta]] (acting)
  | [[Albert Camille Vital]]
  | [[Omer Beriziky]]
  }}
| predecessor2        = {{ubl
  | [[Marc Ravalomanana]]
  | [[Hyppolite Ramaroson]] (as Head of the Military Directorate)
  }}
| successor2          = [[Hery Rajaonarimampianina]]
| order3              = 51st
| office3             = Mayor of Antananarivo
| term_start3         = 12 December 2007
| term_end3           = 3 February 2009
| predecessor3        = Hery Rafalimanan
| successor3          = [[Guy Randrianarisoa]] (acting)
| birth_name          = Andry Nirina Rajoelina
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1974|5|30|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Antsirabe]], [[Madagascar]]
| nationality         = {{ubl
  | Malagasy
  | French (since 2014)
  }}
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Young Malagasies Determined]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Mialy Rajoelina|Mialy Razakandisa]]|2000}}
| children            = 3
| residence           = Undisclosed{{efn|As president, Rajoelina resided in the [[Iavoloha Palace]], the standard place of residence for holders of the office. During the [[2025 Malagasy coup d'état]], Rajoelina fled the palace and stated that he is in a "safe place". Unconfirmed reports suggested he had left the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 October 2025 |title=Madagascar president hiding in 'safe place' as he warns of coup attempt |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgkzyek0jxro|work=[[BBC]] |access-date=14 October 2025}}</ref>}}
| website             = {{Official URL}}
}}
{{Andry Rajoelina}}

'''Andry Nirina Rajoelina'''{{efn|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|'|ɑː|n|d|r|iː|_|r|aː|dʒ|oʊ|iː|'|l|iː|n|ɑː}};<ref>{{Cite web |title=How do you say ANDRY RAJOELINA? |url=https://pronounce.voanews.com/phrasedetail.php?name=RAJOELINA%2C+ANDRY |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=VOA Pronunciation Guide}}</ref> {{IPA|mg|ˈjanɖʐʲ nʲˈrinᵊ ratʐˈwelinᵊ|lang|small=no}}.}} (born 30{{nbsp}}May 1974) is a Malagasy politician and businessman who served as the eighth [[president of Madagascar]] from 2019 to 2025. He was previously President of the [[High Transitional Authority]] from 2009 to 2014 following a [[2009 Malagasy political crisis|political crisis and military-backed coup]], having held the office of [[Mayor of Antananarivo]] for one year prior. Before entering the political arena, Rajoelina was involved in the private sector, including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the ''Viva'' radio and television networks in 2007.

He formed the political party [[Young Malagasies Determined]] and was elected Mayor of [[Antananarivo]] in 2007. While in this position, he led an opposition movement against then-President [[Marc Ravalomanana]] that culminated in a [[2009 Malagasy political crisis|2009 political crisis]]. Rajoelina was appointed as President of the [[High Transitional Authority (Madagascar)|High Transitional Authority of Madagascar (HTA)]] by a military council, in a move characterised as a [[coup d'état]] by the international community.<ref name=":1" /> Rajoelina dissolved the Senate and National Assembly, and transferred their powers to a variety of new governance structures responsible for overseeing the transition toward a new constitutional authority. This conflicted with an internationally mediated process to establish a transitional government. Voters approved a new constitution in a controversial [[Malagasy constitutional referendum, 2010|national referendum]] in November 2010, ushering in the Fourth Republic.

He held the Presidency of the HTA until [[2013 Malagasy general election|general elections]] were held in 2013, and stepped down in 2014. He won the [[2018 Malagasy presidential election|2018 presidential election]] and was inaugurated [[President of Madagascar]] on 19 January 2019. His tenure included directing the government's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar]], during which he promoted [[COVID-19 misinformation by governments#Madagascar|misinformation]] and [[Covid-Organics|unproven treatments]] for the disease, as well as a [[2021 Madagascar food crisis|2021 food insecurity crisis]] and [[Cyclone Batsirai]]. Rajoelina then proceeded to win the [[2023 Malagasy presidential election]].

In September 2025, [[2025 Malagasy protests|widespread protests]] erupted against frequent water and power cuts, causing the deaths of over 20 people. In response, Rajoelina fired Prime Minister [[Christian Ntsay]] on 29 September 2025.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Madagascar president sacks government over deadly protests |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2025/09/29/madagascar-s-anti-government-protests-flare-up-as-police-respond-with-tear-gas_6745896_124.html |access-date=30 September 2025 |work=Le Monde |date=29 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news |last1=Kyekyeku |first1=Kofi Oppong |title=Deadly youth-led protests force Madagascar's president to fire the prime minister and his government |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/deadly-youth-led-protests-force-madagascars-president-to-fire-the-prime-minister-and-his-government |access-date=30 September 2025 |work=Face2Face Africa |date=30 September 2025 |language=en}}</ref> He said, without providing evidence, that some politicians were plotting to take advantage of the protests and had considered staging a coup while he was addressing the United Nations.<ref name="auto2">{{cite news|title=Madagascar president refuses to step down as antigov't protests continue|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/3/madagascar-president-refuses-to-step-down-amid-deadly-nationwide-protests|work=Al Jazeera |access-date=12 October 2025 |date=5 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> On 12 October, Rajoelina's office said that [[2025 Malagasy mutiny|an attempt to topple his government]] was underway; a statement said the situation was under control.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2025 |title=Madagascar presidency says attempt to seize power under way |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd070pn4g07o |access-date=12 October 2025 |work=[[BBC News]]|first1=Sammy|last1=Awami|first2=Farouk|last2=Chothia }}</ref> However, on 13 October, an opposition lawmaker reported that Rajoelina had fled the country.<ref name="exile">{{cite news |last1=Tétaud |first1=Sarah |last2=Imray |first2=Gerald |title=Madagascar's president says he fled the country in fear for his life after military rebellion |url=https://apnews.com/article/madagascar-coup-rajoelina-soldiers-military-africa-b17e7f78a6b0d4abf82a4a19a7a77a05 |access-date=13 October 2025 |work=AP NEWS |date=13 October 2025}}</ref> Rajoelina addressed the nation later that day, saying that he fled "in fear for his life" but remained defiant, saying that he "would not allow Madagascar to be destroyed" and refusing to step down.<ref name="exile2">{{cite news |last1=Rabary |first1=Lovasoa |last2=Cocks |first2=Tim |last3=Paravicini |first3=Giulia |title=Madagascar's president has left the country after Gen Z protests, officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/madagascar-president-rajoelina-address-nation-monday-evening-2025-10-13/ |access-date=13 October 2025 |work=Reuters |date=13 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="exile"/> After attempting to dissolve the [[National Assembly (Madagascar)|National Assembly]], he was impeached and removed from office<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news |date=14 October 2025 |title=Madagascar's National Assembly votes to impeach president |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/madagascar-president-andry-rajoelina-impeached-protests-5401501 |work=[[Channel News Asia]] |access-date=14 October 2025}}</ref> as the military said that they have seized power.<ref name="auto4">{{cite news |last1=Rabary |first1=Lovasoa |last2=Cocks |first2=Tim |title=Madagascar's military takes power, says colonel |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/madagascars-president-dissolves-national-assembly-escalating-crisis-2025-10-14/ |access-date=14 October 2025 |work=Reuters |date=14 October 2025}}</ref>

==Family and early years==
[[File:Andry et Mialy Rajoelina, allée des Baobabs, 22 avril 2012.jpg|thumb|Andry Rajoelina and his wife Mialy in 2012]]
Andry Rajoelina was born on 30 May 1974 to a relatively wealthy family in [[Antsirabe]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20131016-madagascar-presidentielle-andry-rajoelina-il-dit-son-dernier-mot|title=Andry Rajoelina a-t-il dit son dernier mot? – RFI|work=RFI Afrique|access-date=7 July 2018|language=fr|author=Francis Kpatindé}}</ref> His father, now-retired Colonel Roger Yves Rajoelina, held dual Malagasy/French nationality and fought for the French army in the [[Algerian War]].<ref name="MT">{{Cite news|url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Rajoelina-pere-conseiller-de,13076.html|title=Rajoelina père, conseiller de Sunpec|newspaper=Madagascar Tribune|date=19 November 2009|access-date=16 July 2012}}</ref><ref name = Cole>{{cite book  | last = Cole  | first = Jennifer  | title = Sex and Salvation: Imagining the Future in Madagascar  | publisher = University of Chicago Press  | year = 2010  | location = Chicago, IL  | pages = 180–182  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TnO3qxGouosC  | isbn = 9780226113319}}</ref> Although his family could afford a college education for their son, Andry Rajoelina opted to discontinue his studies after completing his [[baccalauréat]] to launch a career as a [[DJ]].<ref name = Cole/>

In 1994, Rajoelina met his future wife [[Mialy Rajoelina|Mialy Razakandisa]], who was then completing her senior year of high school in Antananarivo. The couple maintained a long-distance relationship for six years while Mialy completed her undergraduate and masters studies in finance and accounting in Paris. They reunited in Madagascar in 2000 and married that same year. They have three children, born in 2002, 2003, and 2005<!-- please see [[WP:BLPNAME]] regarding names -->.<ref name=Mialy>{{cite news |title=PORTRAIT – MIALY RAJOELINA: Une femme de ressources |newspaper=L'Express de l'Ile Maurice (La Sentinelle Limited) |date=5 January 2008 |url=http://www.lexpress.mu/services/archive-100506-une-femme-de-ressources.html |access-date=6 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218212959/http://www.lexpress.mu/services/archive-100506-une-femme-de-ressources.html |archive-date=18 February 2014 |language=fr |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Media mogul==

In 1993, at the age of 19, Rajoelina established his first enterprise: a small event production company called ''Show Business.'' In the following year, he organized an annual concert called ''Live'' that brought together foreign and [[Music of Madagascar|Malagasy musical artists]]. The event gathered 50,000 participants on its tenth anniversary.<ref name=repression>{{cite journal|last=Galibert |first=Didier |title=Mobilisation populaire et repression a Madagascar: les transgressions de la cite cultuelle |journal=[[Politique Africaine]] |volume=113 |pages=139–151 |date=March 2009 |doi=10.3917/polaf.113.0139 |language=fr |url=http://www.politique-africaine.com/numeros/pdf/conjonctures/113139.pdf |access-date=21 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928123645/http://www.politique-africaine.com/numeros/pdf/conjonctures/113139.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1999, he launched Injet, the first digital printing technology company available on the island, which gained quick traction with its expansion of billboard advertising throughout the capital.<ref name = repression/> Following his marriage in 2000, Andry and Mialy Rajoelina acquired Domapub, a competing Antananarivo-based billboard advertising business owned by Andry's in-laws.<ref name="intelligence">{{cite web |date=8 January 2013 |title=Andry Rajoelina, The billboard king turned president |url=https://www.africaintelligence.com/ion/insiders/madagascar/2013/01/08/andry-rajoelina-the-billboard-king-turned-president/107938742-be1 |access-date=13 December 2018 |publisher=Africa Intelligence}}</ref> The couple worked together to manage the family businesses, with Andry responsible for Injet and his wife handling the affairs of Domapub.<ref name = Mialy/>

In May 2007, Andry Rajoelina purchased the ''Ravinala'' television and radio stations, and renamed them ''Viva TV'' and ''Viva FM''.<ref name=repression/>

==Mayor of Antananarivo (2007–2009)==

===Elections===

In 2007, Rajoelina created and led the political association ''[[Young Malagasies Determined|Tanora malaGasy Vonona]]'' (TGV), meaning "determined Malagasy youth", and shortly afterward announced his candidacy to run for Mayor of Antananarivo. His very young age became a lever to gain a quick popularity throughout the nation reflecting a trend of "''{{lang|fr|jeunification}}'' of politics" - the promotion of younger leaders as symbols of political renewal and change.<ref name = Cole/> Rajoelina was elected on 12 December 2007 with 63.3% of the vote on a 55% voter turnout, beating TIM party incumbent Hery Rafalimanana.<ref name = repression/><ref>{{cite news |last=Yves |first=Bernard |title=Andry Rajoelina, nouveau Maire d'Antananarivo élu avec 62% des suffrages |newspaper=Temoignages |date=17 December 2007 |url=http://www.temoignages.re/andry-rajoelina-nouveau-maire-d,26687.html |access-date=6 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106042957/http://www.temoignages.re/andry-rajoelina-nouveau-maire-d,26687.html |archive-date=6 January 2014 |language=fr |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Opposition movement against Ravalomanana===
{{Further|2009 Malagasy political crisis}}
The first conflicts between Andry Rajoelina and president [[Marc Ravalomanana]] date back to 2003, when the national government ordered the removal of Antananarivo's first Trivision advertising panels, which Rajoelina had installed at a major roundabout in the capital.<ref name = intelligence/><ref name=turbo>{{cite web | last = Ramambazafy | first = Jeannot | title = Viva télévision: Andry Tgv met le turbo | publisher = Madagate | date = 12 August 2008 | url = http://www.madagate.com/monde-malgache/articles/495-viva-television-andry-tgv-met-le-turbo.html | access-date = 1 June 2013 | language = fr | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131019103726/http://www.madagate.com/monde-malgache/articles/495-viva-television-andry-tgv-met-le-turbo.html | archive-date = 19 October 2013}}</ref>

In November and December 2008, the government became embroiled in two scandals. A July 2008 deal with [[Daewoo]] Logistics to lease half the island's arable land for [[South Korea]]n cultivation of corn and palm oil,<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Vivienne Walt|date=23 November 2008|title=The Breadbasket of South Korea: Madagascar|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1861145,00.html|access-date=13 December 2018|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref> and the November 2008 purchase of a second presidential jet, a [[Boeing 737]], at a cost of US$60 million, which led the [[World Bank]] and the IMF to suspend $35 million worth of financial support to the Island. Rajoelina used this to garner support against Ravalomanana's government.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 February 2009|title=Les avertissements du FMI et de la communauté internationale|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/110/article_78082.asp|access-date=13 December 2018|website=Rfi.fr}}</ref>

At the beginning of Rajoelina's tenure as mayor, the Antananarivo's treasury had a debt of 8.2 billion Malagasy [[Ariary]] (approximately US$4.6 million).<ref>{{cite news |last=Randria |first=N. |title=Andry Rajoelina hérite de 41 milliards fmg de dettes |newspaper=Madagascar Tribune |date=22 December 2007 |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Andry-Rajoelina-herite-de-41,3713.html |access-date=6 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019105247/http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Andry-Rajoelina-herite-de-41,3713.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 |language=fr |url-status=live}}</ref> On 4 January 2008, due to unpaid debts to the [[Jirama]], the city of Antananarivo was hit by a general water cutoff, and [[Brownout (electricity)|brownouts]] of the city's street lights. After an audit, it was found that the Jirama owed about the same amount of money to the City Hall, and the sanction on the city's population was retrieved.<ref>{{cite news |first=N. |last=Randria |title=La CUA et les coupures d'eau et d'électricité: Antananarivo est-elle sanctionnée? |newspaper=Madagascar Tribune |date=7 January 2008 |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Antananarivo-est-elle-sanctionnee,3929.html |access-date=10 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019103740/http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Antananarivo-est-elle-sanctionnee,3929.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 |language=fr |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 13 December 2008, the national government closed Andry Rajoelina's Viva TV, stating that a Viva interview with exiled former head of state [[Didier Ratsiraka]] was "likely to disturb peace and security".<ref name="rsf fer">{{cite web|url=https://rsf.org/fr/actualites/le-bras-de-fer-opposant-le-president-et-le-maire-de-la-capitale-rejaillit-sur-les-medias|title=Le bras de fer opposant le Président et le maire de la capitale rejaillit sur les médias|website=Rsf.org|date=26 January 2009|language=fr|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> Within a week Rajoelina met with 20 of Madagascar's most prominent opposition leaders, referred to in the press as the "Club of 20", to develop a joint statement demanding that the Ravalomanana administration improve its adherence to democratic principles. Rajoelina also promised to dedicate a politically open public space in the capital which he would call ''Place de la Démocratie'' ("Democracy Plaza").<ref>{{cite news|title=Andry Rajoelina réunit le "Club des 20" |newspaper=Madagascar Tribune |date=17 December 2008 |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Andry-Rajoelina-reunit-le-Club-des,10387.html |access-date=6 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019102119/http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Andry-Rajoelina-reunit-le-Club-des,10387.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 |language=fr |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Antananarivo - P1090823.jpg|thumbnail|Pro-Rajoelina protesters in Antananarivo, 2009]]

Beginning in January 2009, Andry Rajoelina led a [[2009 Malagasy political crisis|series of political rallies]] in downtown Antananarivo. On 13 January, he launched an ultimatum to the government to restore ''Viva TV''. A week later, the transmission failure message of ''Viva TV'' was changed to a still picture of Andry Rajoelina, which led the authorities to seize the channel's transmitter by force.<ref name="rsf fer"/> On 17 January, Andry Rajoelina gathered 30,000 supporters at a public park which he renamed ''Place de la Démocratie'' to defy the public executive power of Ravalomanana.<ref name=CrossroadsMarcus>{{cite web|last1=Bachelard |first1=Jerome |last2=Marcus |first2=Richard |title=Countries at the Crossroads 2011: Madagascar |publisher=Freedom House |year=2011 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/inline_images/MADAGASCARfinal.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608195355/http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/inline_images/MADAGASCARfinal.pdf |archive-date=8 June 2012 |access-date=25 August 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> At a rally on 31 January 2009, Rajoelina announced that he was in charge of the country's affairs, declaring: "Since the president and the government have not assumed their responsibilities, I therefore proclaim that I will run all national affairs as of today." He added that a request for President Ravalomanana to formally resign would shortly be filed with the [[Parliament of Madagascar]].<ref>{{cite news  | title = Mayor 'takes control' in Madagascar | newspaper = Al Jazeera  | date = 31 January 2009 | url = http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/01/200913117515731782.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090202025539/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/01/200913117515731782.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 February 2009 | access-date = 6 October 2012 }}</ref> This self-declaration of power discredited Rajoelina's democratic aims, and the number of attendees at subsequent rallies declined, averaging around 3,000 to 5,000 participants.<ref name = CrossroadsMarcus/>

===Destitution===

On 3 February, the Ministry of Domestic Affairs dismissed Rajoelina as mayor of Antananarivo and appointed a [[Special delegation (France)|special delegation]] headed by [[Guy Randrianarisoa]] to manage the affairs of the capital. Andry Rajoelina contested the decision.<ref>{{cite news|title=Madagascar sacks capital city mayor |newspaper=AFP |date=3 February 2009 |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSsw9Mt5_TWeAwuwVr5S24GMvwIg |access-date=6 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219173004/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jSsw9Mt5_TWeAwuwVr5S24GMvwIg |archive-date=19 February 2014}}</ref>

==President of the High Transitional Authority (2009–2014)==
{{Main|High Transitional Authority}}

===Resignation of Ravalomanana===

On 7 February, Andry Rajoelina organized a new rally during which the leaders of the orange movement declared the constitution of a High Transitional Authority and Andry Rajoelina as its president. The crowd then marched towards the Presidential palace to state its claim to power. The presidential guards opened fire, killing 31 protesters, and wounding more than 200.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2009/02/07/madagascar-rajoelina-prend-la-tete-d-une-haute-autorite-de-transition_1152140_3212.html|title=Madagascar : la police ouvre le feu contre des partisans de l'opposition|website=Lemomnde.fr|date=7 February 2009|language=fr|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> This massacre dramatically diminished the Presidency's popularity in the crisis,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/inline_images/MADAGASCARfinal.pdf|title=Countries at the crossroads 2011: Madagascar|website=Freedomhouses.org|date=2011|author1=Jerome Y. Bachelard|author2=Richard R. Marcus|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> and led to losing its support from the Army which blamed the President for ordering the shooting.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7946741.stm|title=Madagascar soldiers seize palace|website=Bbc.co.uk|date=16 March 2009|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref>

On 6 March, after the Malagasy authorities attempted to arrest him, Andry Rajoelina took refuge in the French embassy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7933226.stm|title=France protects Madagascar rival|website=Bbc.co.uk|date=9 March 2009|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://observers.france24.com/en/20090311-malagasies-turning-against-french-madagascar-riots-rajoelina-ravalomanana|title=Are Malagasies turning against the French?|website=France24.com|date=11 March 2009|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> On 10 March, the Army issued a 72-hour ultimatum, ordering the political leaders to find a solution to the crisis, or face military intervention.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE52907D20090310|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216032011/https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE52907D20090310|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2018|title=Madagascar's army issues 72-hour crisis ultimatum|website=Reuters.com|date=10 March 2009|author=Alain Iloniaina|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7935096.stm|title=Madagascar army's crisis deadline|website=Bbc.co.uk|date=10 March 2009|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> On 15 March, Ravalomanana went on air to propose a referendum to solve the crisis,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/16/world/africa/16madagascar.html|title=Madagascar Crisis May Go to a Vote|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=15 March 2009|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> an offer refused by Rajoelina who instead called for the President's arrest.<ref name="AutoRI-43">{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/f7945681.stm | title = Call to arrest Madagascar leader | date = 16 March 2009 | work = [[BBC]] | access-date = 18 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090403001931/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7945681.stm | archive-date = 3 April 2009 }}</ref> The following day, Ravalomanana dissolved the government, resigned, and transferred the Presidential seal to a senior committee of the Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/18/world/africa/18madagascar.html|title=Madagascar's President Quits After Weeks of Chaos|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=17 March 2009|author=Barry Bearak|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> On 18 March, the Army transferred power directly to Rajoelina, making him president of the High Transitional Authority (HAT). Madagascar's constitutional court deemed the double-transfer of power (Ravalomanana-Army-Rajoelina) to be lawful.<ref name="aj-2009-03-19">{{cite news|title=Madagascar dissolves parliament |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=19 March 2009 |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/03/2009319155324395613.html |access-date=14 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322180633/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2009/03/2009319155324395613.html |archive-date=22 March 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Rajoelina was sworn in as President on 21 March 2009 at [[Mahamasina Municipal Stadium|Mahamasina stadium]] before a crowd of 40,000 supporters.<ref name="gn-2009-03-21">{{cite news | url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gRPBgl6bSQQNkx4oA0bEJxiMlQmg | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140219173002/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gRPBgl6bSQQNkx4oA0bEJxiMlQmg | url-status = dead | archive-date = 19 February 2014 | title = Madagascar's Rajoelina sworn in | agency = Agence France-Presse | work =Google News| date = 21 March 2009}}</ref> He was 35 years of age when sworn in, making him the [[List of heads of state of Madagascar|youngest president in the country's history]] and the youngest head of government in the world at that time.<ref>{{cite news | title = Who's your daddy? The youngest political leaders around the world | newspaper = The Economist  | date = 3 June 2009 | url = https://www.economist.com/news/2009/06/03/whos-your-daddy  | access-date = 16 March 2012 }}</ref>

===Resolution of the political conflict===
{{Main|2009 Malagasy political crisis}}
On 19 March 2009, the [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]] announced it did not recognize the new government.<ref name="VOA News 2009-03-19" /> The [[African Union]] described the events as a [[coup d'état]] and suspended Madagascar and threatened sanctions if the constitutional government was not restored within six months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/03/21/madagascar.president/|title=Former opposition leader becomes Madagascar's president|website=Cnn.com|date=21 March 2009|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> The United States, Madagascar's [[Madagascar–United States relations|largest bilateral donor and provider of humanitarian aid]], also refused to acknowledge the Rajoelina administration, and ordered all nonessential embassy employees to leave the Island.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2009/0326/p07s01-wogn.html|title=Madagascar: island even more isolated after coup|website=Csmonitor.com|date=26 March 2009|author=Fanja Saholiarisoa|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="VOA News 2009-03-19">{{cite news| title = Southern African Nations Refuse to Recognize Madagascar Leader| date = 19 March 2009| work = VOA News| url = http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-03-19-voa68.cfm| access-date = 20 March 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090321085344/http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-03-19-voa68.cfm| archive-date= 21 March 2009 | url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg 2009-03-20">{{cite news| first = Paul| last = Tighe| title = Madagascar Army-Backed Leadership Change Denounced by EU, U.S| date = 20 March 2009| work = Bloomberg.com| url = https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aqiaTCUQ3jwk&refer=home| access-date = 20 March 2009}}</ref><ref name="Econ1">
{{cite news| title = A coup that is not yet irreversible| newspaper = The Economist| page = 56| date = 28 March – 3 April 2009}}</ref> Madagascar was removed from the list of beneficiaries of the [[African Growth and Opportunity Act]] (AGOA).<ref name = faim>{{cite web | last = De Schutter | first = Olivier | title = La population malgache a faim car elle est prise en otage |publisher = United Nations | url = http://www.srfood.org/index.php/fr/component/content/article/1563-madagascars-hungry-population-is-taken-hostage | date = 22 July 2011 | access-date = 2 June 2013 | language = fr}}</ref> In May 2009, the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] also froze its aid to Madagascar.<ref name="reuters idUSLDE62G25D20101115">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/madagascar-referendum/timeline-madagascar-votes-on-a-new-constitution-idUSLDE62G25D20101115|title=TIMELINE-Madagascar votes on a new constitution|website=Reuters.com|date=15 November 2010|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> The UN responded to the power transfer by freezing 600 million euros in planned aid. Some analysts maintained that Rajoelina's legitimacy was conditional to free and fair elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/108757/MADAGASCAR15OCT09.pdf|title=Madagascar: Anatomy of a Recurrent Crisis|website=Ethz.ch|date=16 October 2009|author=Ottilia Maunganidze|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref>

In August 2009, the living historic Presidents of Madagascar (Rajoelina, Ravalomanana, [[Didier Ratsiraka|Ratsiraka]] & [[Albert Zafy|Zafy]]) signed the Maputo Accords, which established guidelines for a period of consensual political transition.<ref name="people 7104765">{{cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90855/7104765.html|title=Madagascar parties agree to end political crisis, set election date|website=People.cn|date=14 August 2010|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> In 11 October 2009, Andry Rajoelina appointed [[Eugene Malganza]] as [[Prime Minister of Madagascar|Prime Minister]]. Further guidelines were defined during the Addis Ababa reunion{{Explain|date=January 2024}} to split the presidential power with 2 co-presidents. The Malagasy former presidents were authorized to return to the Island, and Rajoelina named a new Prime Minister.<ref name="reuters idUSLDE62G25D20101115"/>

In November 2010, a constitutional referendum resulted in the adoption of the state's fourth constitution with 73% in favor and a voter turnout of 52.6%.<ref name="people 7104765" /> One change made by the new constitution was to lower the minimum age for presidential candidates from 40 to 35, rendering the 36 year-old Rajoelina eligible for presidential candidacy.<ref>{{cite news|title=Madagascar Approves New Constitution |newspaper=Voice of America |date=21 November 2010 |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/madagascar-approves-new-constitution-109912629/156876.html |access-date=6 October 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219112449/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Madagascar-Approves-New-Constitution-109912629.html |archive-date=19 December 2010}}</ref> The new constitution mandated the leader of the High Transitional Authority – the position held by Rajoelina – be kept as interim president until an election could take place, and required presidential candidates to have lived in Madagascar for at least six months prior to the elections, effectively barring Ravalomanana and other opposition leaders living in exile in South Africa from running in the next election.<ref name="Economist 2010-11-18">{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/baobab/2010/11/18/the-coup-that-wasnt|title=The coup that wasn't|website=Economist.com|date=18 November 2010|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Guardian 2010-11-21">{{cite news| last = Pourtier| first = Gregoire| date = 21 November 2010| title = Madagascar referendum could deepen political crisis| newspaper = The Guardian| url = https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/nov/17/madagascar-referendum-political-crisis| access-date = 21 November 2010}}</ref><ref name="peoplesd">{{cite web| title = "YES" leading in Madagascar's referendum on new constitution| publisher = People's Daily Online| date = 18 November 2010| url = http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/7204099.html| access-date = 21 November 2010}}</ref>

In June 2010, the EU announced the extension of its $600-million financial aid to Madagascar.<ref name="reuters idUSLDE62G25D20101115"/> In November 2011, his talk at the UN [[66th Session of the United Nations General Assembly]] marked the first major form of international recognition of the Transition government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE7B70CF20111208|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215224456/https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE7B70CF20111208|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 December 2018|title=Madagascar interim chief eyes elections, wary of ex-president|website=Reuters.com|date=8 December 2011|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.madagate.org/politique-madagascar/dossier/2090-president-andry-rajoelina-speech-in-uno-66th-general-assembly.html|title=President Andry Rajoelina Speech in UNO 66th General Assembly|website=Madagate.org|date=9 October 2011|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> On 13 May 2011, Andry Rajoelina met with [[Alain Juppé]], the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, and on 7 December 2011 he was officially received by the French President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]].<ref>{{cite web | title = France: President Sarkozy meets Rajoelina | publisher = Afriquejet.com | date = 8 December 2011 | url = http://www.afriquejet.com/france-madagascar-2011120829111.html | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120721133003/http://www.afriquejet.com/france-madagascar-2011120829111.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 21 July 2012 | access-date = 6 October 2012 }}</ref>

An agreement was reached between Rajoelina, Ravalomanana, and regional Malagasy states in January 2013 to resolve the political crisis. The agreement stipulated that neither Rajoelina nor Ravalomanana would stand in the election planned for May. However, in May 2013, when Ravalomanana's wife announced her candidacy for the [[2013 Malagasy general election|2013 elections]], Rajoelina saw it as a breach of contract and reintroduced his own candidacy for the elections. The situation led to the several postponements of the election by the electoral commission.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-madagascar-elections/madagascar-pushes-back-presidential-election-to-october-idUSBRE97L0YE20130822|title=Madagascar pushes back presidential election to October|website=Reuuters.com|date=22 August 2013|author=Alain Ilioniania|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> A special electoral court ruled in August 2013 that the candidatures of Rajoelina, Ravalomanana and former president Ratsiraka were invalid and would not be permitted to run in the 2013 election.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/18/madagascar-bans-president-rival-wife-election|title=Madagascar court bans president and rival's wife from standing for election|website=The Guardian|date=18 August 2013|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> Andry Rajoelina then announced his endorsement of presidential candidate [[Hery Rajaonarimampianina]], who went on to win the [[2013 Malagasy general election|presidential election in December 2013]]. Andry Rajoelina officially stepped down as president of Madagascar on 25 January 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Madagascar-strongman-steps-down-20140124|title=Madagascar strongman steps down|website=News24.com|date=24 January 2014|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref>

Rajaonarimampianina set up the MAPAR committee to organize the selection of his cabinet, a process that extended over several months. During this time, Rajoelina sought to be nominated for the position of [[Prime Minister of Madagascar]] but Rajaonarimampianina picked [[Roger Kolo]], with the support of the majority in the parliament.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Rabary | first1 = Lovasoa  |last2 = Obulutsa | first2 = George  | title = Doctor Kolo Roger, new Prime minister of Madagascar |publisher = [[Le Monde]] | url = http://fanorenana.blog.lemonde.fr/2014/04/12/doctor-kolo-roger-prime-ministre-of-madagascar | date = 19 April 2014 | access-date = 5 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-11/madagascar-president-appoints-roger-kolo-as-prime-minister.html | title = Madagascar President Appoints Roger Kolo as Prime Minister | publisher = Bloomberg News| date = 11 April 2014 | access-date = 11 April 2014}}</ref> On 18 April, a cabinet was announced that comprised 31 members with varied political affiliations.<ref>{{cite web | title = Madagascar: Kolo Roger forme un gouvernement d'ouverture |language = fr |publisher = Radio France Internationale | url = http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140411-madagascar-kolo-roger-nouveau-premier-ministre-grande-ile/ | date = 19 April 2014 | access-date = 5 July 2014}}</ref>

===Policies and governance===
[[File:Andry Rajoelina greeting crowd.jpg|thumb|Andry Rajoelina in 2012]]
Upon taking office in 2009, Rajoelina dissolved the Senate and Parliament to transfer their powers to his cabinet, the officials of the HAT, and the newly established Council for social and economic strengthening, through which his policies were issued as decrees. Legislative authority rested in practice with Rajoelina and his cabinet, composed of his closest advisors. A military committee established in April increased HAT control over security and defense policy. The following month, after the suspension of the country's 22 regional governors, the Transitional government strengthened its influence over local government by naming replacements. The National Inquiry Commission (CNME) was established shortly thereafter to strengthen HAT effectiveness in addressing judicial and legal matters.<ref name = CrossroadsMarcus/>

One of Andry Rajoelina's first measures as President was to cancel Ravalomanana's unpopular deal with Daewoo Logistics.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7953617.stm|title=Africans reject Madagascar leader|website=Bbc.co.uk|date=19 March 2009|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> On 2 June 2009, Ravalomanana was fined 70 million US dollars (42 million British pounds) and sentenced to four years in prison for alleged abuse of office which, according to HAT Justice Minister Christine Razanamahasoa, included the December 2008 purchase of a second presidential jet ("Air Force II") worth $60 million.<ref name="Madagascar sentences ex-president">{{cite news|title=Madagascar sentences ex-president |date=3 June 2009 |access-date=3 June 2009 |work=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8080940.stm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323165144/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8080940.stm |archive-date=23 March 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rajoelina also pursued legal action against Ravalomanana's company Tiko to reclaim 35 million US dollars in back taxes.<ref name=TikoPressure>{{cite web|author=US Department of State |title=09Antananarivo266: Ravalomanana's Tiko Group under pressure |publisher=Leak Overflow |date=11 April 2009 |url=http://www.leakoverflow.com/questions/550756/09antananarivo266-ravalomananas-tiko-group-under-pressure |access-date=7 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126221224/http://www.leakoverflow.com/questions/550756/09antananarivo266-ravalomananas-tiko-group-under-pressure |archive-date=26 January 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, on 28 August 2010, the HAT sentenced Ravalomanana, who had been living in exile in South Africa since March 2009, [[trial in absentia|''in absentia'']] to hard labor for life and issued an arrest warrant for his role in the protests and ensuing deaths.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11120620 |work=BBC News |title=Exiled Madagascan leader Ravalomanana sentenced |date=28 August 2010 |access-date=6 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007100948/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-11120620 |archive-date=7 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rajoelina also rejected Ravalomanana's medium term development strategy, termed the Madagascar Action Plan, and abandoned education reforms initiated by his predecessor that adopted Malagasy and English as languages of instruction, instead returning to the traditional use of French.<ref name = Chatham>{{cite web | last1 = Dewar | first1 = Bob | last2 = Massey | first2 = Simon | last3 = Baker | first3 = Bruce | url = https://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/188849 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130202020125/http://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/188849 | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 February 2013 | publisher = Chatham House | title = Madagascar: Time to Make a Fresh Start | date = January 2013 | access-date = 6 June 2013 }}</ref> Later in 2012, he sold the controversial [[Boeing 747]] bought by his predecessor with public funds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zinfos974.com/Madagascar-Le-Boeing-de-l-ex-president-Ravalomanana-vendu_a48002.html|title=Madagascar : Le Boeing de l'ex-président Ravalomanana vendu|website=Zinfos974.com|date=5 October 2012|language=fr|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref>

Sanctions and suspension of donor aid amounted to 50% of the national budget and 70% of public investments, which obstructed the government's management of state affairs.<ref>{{cite web | title = Lettre ouverte: Pourquoi il faut lever les sanctions économiques contre Madagascar | publisher = Slate Afrique | url = http://www.slateafrique.com/39443/madagascar-crise-politique-sanctions-economiques-internationales-population-faim-pauvrete | date = 12 March 2012 | access-date = 2 June 2013 | language = fr}}</ref> Rajoelina occasionally organized events to distribute basic items to the population, including medicines, clothing, house maintenance materials and school supplies.<ref>{{cite news | author = Bill | title = Arrivée de l'aide internationale: Andry Rajoelina a tenu à être présent | newspaper = Madagascar Tribune  | date = 5 March 2013 | url = http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Andry-Rajoelina-a-tenu-a-etre,18515.html| access-date = 6 June 2013 | language = fr}}</ref> His administration spent billions of [[Malagasy ariary|ariary]] to subsidize basic needs like electricity, petrol,<ref>{{cite news | last = Fanjanarivo | title = Subventions énergétiques: Pour les riches et non-pas pour les pauvres| newspaper = La Gazette de la Grande Ile | date = 14 May 2013 | url = http://www.lagazette-dgi.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31318:subventions-energetiques-pour-les-riches-et-non-pas-pour-les-pauvres&catid=45:newsflash&Itemid=58| access-date = 6 June 2013 | language = fr}}</ref> and food staples.<ref>{{cite news | last = Saraléa | first = Judicaëlle | title = Produit de première nécessité: Rajoelina promet du riz à Ar 1200 | newspaper = L'Express de Madagascar | date = 6 January 2011 | url = http://www.lexpressmada.com/4810/produit-de-premiere-necessite-madagascar/19733-rajoelina-promet-du-riz-a-ar-1200.html | access-date = 6 June 2013 | language = fr | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131231232743/http://www.lexpressmada.com/4810/produit-de-premiere-necessite-madagascar/19733-rajoelina-promet-du-riz-a-ar-1200.html | archive-date = 31 December 2013}}</ref> In 2010, two years after Rajoelina launched the project as mayor of Antananarivo, the HAT completed the reconstruction of the ''Hotel de Ville'' (town hall) of Antananarivo which had been destroyed by arson during the ''[[rotaka]]'' political protests of 1972. During this ceremony, Andry Rajoelina announced that 11 December was a new holiday in the Malagasy calendar, and the fourth Constitution of the country was enacted.<ref>{{cite news | last =  Rakotoarilala | first = Ninaivo | title = 11 décembre: Jour à marquer d'une pierre blanche pour Andry Rajoelina | newspaper = Madagascar Tribune | date = 11 December 2010 | url = http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Jour-a-marquer-d-une-pierre,15212.html| access-date = 6 June 2013 | language = fr}}</ref>

Through the ''trano mora'' ("affordable house") initiative, the HAT built several subsidized housing developments intended for young middle class couples.<ref>{{cite news | title = Des logements pour les classes moyennes malgaches | newspaper = Radio France International  | date = 10 September 2011 | url = http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20110910-logements-classes-moyennes-malgaches| access-date = 2 June 2013 | language = fr}}</ref> Numerous other construction projects were planned or completed, including the restoration of historic staircases in Antananarivo built in the 19th century during the reign of Queen [[Ranavalona I]];<ref>{{cite news | last =  Rakotoarilala | first = Ninaivo | title = D'Antaninarenina à Ambondrona: Andry Rajoelina revisite son adolescence | newspaper = Madagascar Tribune  | date = 15 January 2013 | url = http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Andry-Rajoelina-revisite-son,18358.html| access-date = 3 June 2013 | language = fr}}</ref> the repaving of the heavily traveled road between Toamasina and Foulpointe; the construction of a 15,000-capacity municipal stadium and new town hall in Toamasina; and the construction of a hospital built to international standards in Toamasina.<ref name = toamasina>{{cite news | author = Bill | title = Toamasina: Andry Rajoelina lance de nouveaux défis | newspaper = Madagascar Tribune  | date = 8 October 2012 | url = http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Andry-Rajoelina-lance-de-nouveaux,18020.html| access-date = 3 June 2013 | language = fr}}</ref>

==2018 presidential campaign==
{{see also|2018 Malagasy presidential election}}
[[File:AndryCampaign2018-1.jpg|thumb|Campaigners for Andry Rajoelina near [[Antsirabe]], October 2018]]
In early August 2018, Andry Rajoelina was the first to register his candidacy for the [[2018 Malagasy presidential election|2018 presidential elections]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-madagascar-politics/madagascars-former-leader-andry-rajoelina-says-to-seek-presidency-again-idUSKBN1KM5UG|title=Madagascar's former leader Andry Rajoelina says to seek presidency again|website=Reuters.com|date=1 August 2018|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> He had previously introduced the Initiative for the Emergence of Madagascar (IEM) that define the lines of his campaign program. One campaign promise is to close the Senate to save money and build universities instead. He also aims to increase access to electricity, to work towards agricultural self-sufficiency, and to increase security.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/andry-rajoelina-plans-political-comeback-in-madagascar/a-44984197|title=Andry Rajoelina plans political comeback in Madagascar|website=Wd.com|date=7 August 2018|author=Eric Topona|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref>

The campaign started in October 2018, with Andry Rajoelina facing as opponents the former presidents Ravalomanana and Rajaonarimampianina,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2018/10/09/election-campaigning-begins-in-madagascar/|title=Election campaigning begins in Madagascar|website=Africanews.com|date=9 October 2018|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> the favorites in a campaign of 46 candidates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/46-candidates-bid-to-contest-madagascar-presidency-20180821|title=46 candidates bid to contest Madagascar presidency|website=News24.com|date=21 August 2018|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> In the first round of the elections on 7 November, he took the lead with 39.19% (1,949,851) of the votes (Ravalomana 35.29% or 1,755,855 votes).<ref name="theeastafrican 4552902-4872530-trej7az">{{cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/Madagascar-former-presidents-in-round-two-race/4552902-4872530-trej7az/index.html|title=Madagascar ex-presidents to contest run-off vote|website=Theeastafrican.co.ke|date=28 November 2018|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/2018/12/13/in-madagasgar-costly-presidential-campaigns-dont-add-up-to-a-better-life-for-citizens/|title=In Madagascar, costly presidential campaigns don't add up to a better life for citizens|website=Globalvoices.org|date=13 December 2018|author=Rakotomalala|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> A televised debate between the two final candidates was aired live on 10 December.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201812110662.html|title=Madagascar Presidential Vote – Rajoelina, Ravalomanana Debate|website=Allafrica.com|date=11 December 2018|access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref>

Rajoelina won the election on 19 December 2018 with 55.66% of the votes and was inaugurated on 19 January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 January 2019|title=Elections à Madagascar : Guterres félicite le Président élu Andry Rajoelina &#124; ONU Info|url=https://news.un.org/fr/story/2019/01/1033382|access-date=21 January 2023|website=news.un.org|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africanews.com/2019/01/19/madagascar-president-andry-rajoelina-sworn-into-office/|title=Madagascar president Andry Rajoelina sworn into office|last=Oteng|first=Eric|date=19 January 2019|website=Africanews|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120002136/http://www.africanews.com/2019/01/19/madagascar-president-andry-rajoelina-sworn-into-office/|archive-date=20 January 2019|url-status=live|access-date=20 January 2019}}</ref>

== President of Madagascar (2019&ndash;2023; 2023&ndash;2025)==
===First elected term (2019–2023)===
{{Expand section|date=February 2022}}

[[File:The heads of delegations attending the Russia-Africa Summit pose for photographs (2019-10-24).jpg|thumb|Rajoelina (far left) and other African leaders at the [[Russia–Africa Summit 2019|Russia–Africa Summit]] in Sochi in October 2019]]

====COVID-19 pandemic====
{{Further|COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar|COVID-19 misinformation by governments#Madagascar}}
In April and May 2020, President Rajoelina gained international media attention when he launched an [[List of unproven methods against COVID-19|untested COVID-19 "cure"]] dubbed "[[Covid-Organics]]". The herbal tea was developed by the [[Madagascar Institute of Applied Research]] (MIAR) using [[artemisia (genus)|artemisia]] and other locally sourced herbs. The military distributed batches of "Covid-Organics" to the public. Drinking the herbal tea was made obligatory in school.<ref>{{Cite web|title=La prise du Covid-Organics sera obligatoire pour tous les élèves|url=https://twitter.com/SE_Rajoelina/status/1252013045540433920|last=Rajoelina|first=Andry|date=19 April 2020|website=@SE_Rajoelina|language=fr|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=21 April 2020|title=Andry Rajoelina promotes herbal tea cure for covid 19|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2020/04/madagascars-president-promotes-unproven-herbal-cure-for-covid-19/|access-date=21 April 2020|website=Reuters.com}}</ref> Several African countries including Tanzania, Liberia, Equatorial Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau purchased the herbal tea. [[Matshidiso Moeti]] of the Africa regional office of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) said there was no available proof for the effectiveness of this cure.<ref name="NSc20200515">{{cite news|last=Vaughan|first=Adam|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2243669-no-evidence-madagascar-cure-for-covid-19-works-says-who/|title=No evidence 'Madagascar cure' for covid-19 works, says WHO|work=New Scientist|date=15 May 2020|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref> It had not undergone proper clinical trials and no peer-reviewed data existed. The National Academy of Medicine of Madagascar (ANAMEM) was also skeptical.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-52633630|title=Coronavirus: Madagascar President Rajoelina hits out at tonic 'detractors'|work=BBC News|date=12 May 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> A WHO advert on Google said: "Africans deserve to use medicines tested to the same standards as people in the rest of the world".<ref name="NSc20200515" /> The [[African Union]] has sought to test the technical efficiency of the herbal tea.<ref>{{cite news |title=Madagascar hands out 'miracle' coronavirus cure as it lifts lockdown |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/world/africa/madagascar-hands-out-miracle-coronavirus-cure-as-it-lifts-lockdown |access-date=7 May 2020 |work=[[The Straits Times]] |date=23 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502065651/http://www.straitstimes.com/world/africa/madagascar-hands-out-miracle-coronavirus-cure-as-it-lifts-lockdown |archive-date=2 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: Caution urged over Madagascar's 'herbal cure' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52374250 |access-date=7 May 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=22 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430104857/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52374250 |archive-date=30 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Coronavirus: What is Madagascar's 'herbal remedy' Covid-Organics? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/coronavirus-madagascar-herbal-remedy-covid-organics-200505131055598.html |access-date=5 May 2020 |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |date=5 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200505232624/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/coronavirus-madagascar-herbal-remedy-covid-organics-200505131055598.html|archive-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>

On 4 April, [[Arphine Helisoa]] (the pseudonym of [[Arphine Rahelisoa]]),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://cpj.org/2020/04/madagascar-journalist-arphine-helisoa-jailed-on-fa/|title=Madagascar journalist Arphine Helisoa jailed on false news, incitement allegation|work=Committee to Project Journalists|location=New York City|date=22 April 2020|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref> a publishing director and journalist at the ''Ny Valosoa'' newspaper, was placed in custody awaiting trial charged with "incitement of hatred" towards President Rajoelina and spreading [[fake news]] after she was accused of criticizing the president's handling of the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Southern Africa: COVID-19 a pretext for surge in harassment of journalists and weakening of media houses by states|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/05/southern-africa-covid19-a-pretext-for-surge-in-harassment-of-journalists-and-weakening-of-media-houses-by-states/ |work=Amnesty International|date=3 May 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> She was released after a month.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_journalist-critical-madagascar-president-released/6188706.html|title=Journalist Critical of Madagascar President Released|work=Voice of America|agency=Agence France-Press|date=4 May 2020|access-date=25 June 2020}}</ref>

====Environment====
Rajoelina has blamed [[Climate change in Madagascar|climate change]] for the [[Food security in Madagascar|food insecurity]] in parts of his country and has called on powerful nations to fight it.<ref>{{cite news |last1=AP |title=Madagascar President urges tougher action on climate change |url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/09/23/madagascar-president-urges-tougher-action-on-climate-change/ |access-date=2 November 2021 |work=Africa News |date=23 September 2021}}</ref>

During the [[COP26]] meeting in [[Glasgow]], Rajoelina vowed to protect the biodiversity of Madagascar's forests from the [[Deforestation in Madagascar|threat of deforestation]], while also announcing the use of [[bioethanol]] and gas-based stoves in the country to fight the effects of climate change. Rajoelina also pledged more financial aid to protect the aforementioned biodiversity in Madagascar; which represents 5% of the world.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cop26 : Andry Rajoelina a plaidé pour l'utilisation de réchauds à base de bioéthanol |trans-title=Cop26: Andry Rajoelina pleaded for the use of bioethanol-based stoves|url=https://www.linfo.re/ocean-indien/madagascar/cop26-andry-rajoelina-a-plaide-pour-l-utilisation-de-rechauds-a-base-de-bioethanol |access-date=2 November 2021 |agency=Linfo |date=2 November 2021 |language=fr}}</ref>

====Famine====
{{Main|2021–present Madagascar famine}}
In June 2021, a severe drought struck Madagascar, causing hundreds of thousands of people, with some estimations claiming more than one million, to suffer from [[2021 Madagascar food crisis|food insecurity]] in the country's southern regions. Rajoelina jointly announced a plan to combat hunger along with US ambassador to the country [[Michael Pelletier]].<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Government Provides Nearly $40 Million in Additional Emergency Assistance for Southern Madagascar |url=https://mg.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-provides-nearly-40-million-in-additional-emergency-assistance-for-southern-madagascar/ |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=www.mg.usembassy.gov |agency=United States Embassy to Madagascar |date=14 June 2021 |archive-date=1 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701044115/https://mg.usembassy.gov/u-s-government-provides-nearly-40-million-in-additional-emergency-assistance-for-southern-madagascar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Among other measures, Rajoelina ordered the distribution of [[butane gas]] stoves to replace [[charcoal]] as an alternative for people in the poorest areas of the country. The measure reached a total of 15,000 households.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gaz butane : 15.000 ménages vont bénéficier d'un kit de réchaud gratuit |trans-title=Butane gas: 15,000 households will benefit from a free stove kit |url=https://madagascar-tribune.com/Gaz-butane-15-000-menages-vont-beneficier-d-un-kit-de-rechaud-gratuit.html |access-date=9 November 2022 |work=[[Madagascar Tribune]] |date=6 July 2021 |language=French |archive-date=5 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705083444/https://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Gaz-butane-15-000-menages-vont-beneficier-d-un-kit-de-rechaud-gratuit.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

As of July 2025, the food insecurity among Malagasy people had not only not improved, but spread and worsened, partly due to an ongoing and intense [[drought]].<ref>{{cite news |title=10 crises to look out for in 2025 |url=https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/10-crises-to-look-out-for-in-2025/ |access-date=13 October 2025 |work=[[CARE International]] |date=23 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Polcastro |first1=Riya Anne |title=Rocked by Drought and Famine, Smallholder Farmers in Madagascar Get Support to Increase Yields |url=https://triplepundit.com/2025/madagascar-drought-resilient-agriculture/ |access-date=13 October 2025 |work=TirplePundit.com |date=25 July 2025}}</ref>

[[File:President Biden met with Presidents of various African countries at the White House 2022.jpg|thumb|Rajoelina at the [[United States–Africa Leaders Summit 2022|United States–Africa Leaders Summit]] in Washington, D.C. in December 2022]]
[[File:Andry Rajoelina with Joe Biden.jpg|thumb|Rajoelina and his wife with US President [[Joe Biden]]]]
====2021 assassination plot====
On 22 July 2021, police announced they had arrested six people, including foreign nationals, after months of investigation into a plot to kill Rajoelina. The attorney general filed charges against them on different charges.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rabary |first1=Lovasoa |title=Madagascar police, after months of investigation, arrest six over plot to kill president |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/several-arrested-over-plot-kill-madagascar-president-attorney-general-says-2021-07-22/ |access-date=22 July 2021 |work=Reuters |date=22 July 2021}}</ref> The next day, the attorney general announced that at least one French citizen was among those arrested, and said that he was a former member of the [[French Armed Forces]]. France responded by saying that they were working with consular aid in Madagascar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rabary |first1=Lovasoa |title=French citizen among six held over plan to kill Madagascar president -minister |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/french-citizen-among-six-arrested-over-plot-kill-madagascar-president-minister-2021-07-23/ |access-date=23 July 2021 |work=Reuters |date=23 July 2021}}</ref>

====French nationality====
In July 2023, the former president of the Syndicate of Magistrates of Madagascar and opponent [[Fanirisoa Ernaivo]] claimed that Rajoelina was a naturalized French citizen and therefore has invalidated his Malagasy citizenship, and has "filed a complaint for treason, espionage, use of forgery and attack on the security of the State".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lejournaldelafrique.com/en/andry-rajoelina-too-french-to-be-president-of-madagascar/|title=Andry Rajoelina, too French to be president of Madagascar?|date=30 June 2023}}</ref>

In June 2023, the revelation of his acquisition of French nationality in 2014 led to the opening of a parliamentary inquiry, followed by the questioning of the High Constitutional Court by a group of citizens of the Malagasy diaspora in France. Under Malagasy law, this may have disqualified him from the presidency, as the country imposes a loss of citizenship if voluntarily acquiring another nationality, and only allows citizens of Madagascar to hold the Presidency. Rajoelina argued that he automatically acquired the French nationality through his father, thus not making him lose his Malagasy one. The Constitutional Court eventually sided with him, pointing out the lack of a decree removing his nationality.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 October 2023 |title=INVALIDATION DE CANDIDATURE - la HCC déboute Fanirisoa Ernaivo |url=https://lexpress.mg/23/08/2023/invalidation-de-candidature-la-hcc-deboute-fanirisoa-ernaivo/}}</ref>

====Arrest of the Director of Cabinet====
On 14 August 2023, the Director of Cabinet of President Andry Rajoelina, Romy Voos Andrianarisoa, was arrested in [[London]] under accusations of corruption on a London based mining company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2023 |title=SUSPICION DE CORRUPTION - Romy Andrianarisoa arrêtée au Royaume-Uni |url=https://lexpress.mg/14/08/2023/suspicion-de-corruption-romy-andrianarisoa-arretee-au-royaume-uni/ |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=L'Express de Madagascar |language=fr}}</ref> She was dismissed by Rajoelina on 16 August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2023 |title=Tentative de corruption : En détention provisoire à Londres, la Dircab de la Présidence, limogée |url=https://midi-madagasikara.mg/tentative-de-corruption-en-detention-provisoire-a-londres-la-dircab-de-la-presidence-limogee/ |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=Midi Madagasikara |language=fr-FR}}</ref>

====Predator Files====
In October 2023, the newspaper [[Mediapart]] revealed that the Malagasy presidency acquired the [[Cytrox|Predator]] [[spyware]] in 2021. An investigation by the [[Central Office for the Fight against Crimes Against Humanity, Genocides and War Crimes]] (OCLCH) established that the leaders of Nexa and Intellexa exported to the Malagasy presidency, without any authorization, hardware and software allowing hacking of phones. Which can be considered as an "illicit transaction, carried out in the absence of contract [and] authorization".<ref>{{cite web|title=Predator : comment le groupe français Nexa a vendu le logiciel espion à Madagascar|url=
https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2023/10/12/predator-comment-le-groupe-francais-nexa-a-vendu-le-logiciel-espion-a-madagascar_6193969_4408996.html|website=LeMonde.fr|date=12 October 2023|access-date=12 October 2023|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="Mediapart1">{{cite web|title=« Predator Files » : le logiciel espion en roue libre à Madagascar|url=
https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/121023/predator-files-le-logiciel-espion-en-roue-libre-madagascar|website=mediapart.fr|date=12 October 2023|access-date=12 March 2024|language=fr}}</ref>

The spyware was acquired with the aim of "fighting corruption" but the hacking operations were used to spy on several political opponents, including the opposition journalist, Roland Rasoamaharo who was subsequently imprisoned. Other arrests took place after the use of the spyware.<ref name="Mediapart1"/> According to two technical investigations, Predator was also used by the Malagasy government during the [[2023 Malagasy presidential election|2023 elections]].<ref name="Mediapart1"/>

===Second elected term (2023–2025)===
[[File:Prime Minister Of Bharat, Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi with President of Madagascar, Mr. Andry Rajoelina.jpg|thumb|Rajoelina with Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in Abu Dhabi on 14 February 2024]]
Rajoelina took the oath of office on 16 December 2023 for his second term as president of Madagascar amid a boycott by opposition parties that challenged the [[2023 Malagasy presidential election|16 November election]] results.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/andry-rajoelina-sworn-in-as-madagascars-president/3084461|title=Andry Rajoelina sworn in as Madagascar's president|publisher=aa.com.tr|date=16 December 2023|access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/12/16/madagascar-president-starts-new-term-amid-opposition-boycott/|title= Madagascar president starts new term amid opposition boycott|publisher=africanews.com|date=16 December 2023|access-date=16 December 2023}}</ref> In May 2025, Andry Rajoelina reaffirmed his intention to visit the [[Scattered Islands]] himself, French islands bordering Malagasy waters, while favoring the path of dialogue to resolve this dispute of several decades, after the European imperial era, in Africa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250505-%C3%AEles-%C3%A9parses-le-pr%C3%A9sident-malgache-veut-trouver-avec-la-france-une-issue-durable-sur-leur-r%C3%A9trocession |title=Îles Éparses: le président malgache veut trouver avec la France «une issue durable sur leur rétrocession» |work=Radio France International|date=6 May 2025 |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref>

In September 2025, [[2025 Malagasy protests|widespread protests]] erupted against frequent water and power cuts, causing the deaths of over 20 people. In response, Rajoelina sacked Prime Minister [[Christian Ntsay]] on 29 September 2025.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> He said, without providing evidence, that some politicians were plotting to take advantage of the protests and had considered staging a coup while he was addressing the United Nations.<ref name="auto2"/> On 12 October, Rajoelina's office said that [[2025 Malagasy mutiny|an attempt to topple his government]] was underway; a statement said the situation was under control.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2025 |title=Madagascar presidency says attempt to seize power under way |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd070pn4g07o |access-date=12 October 2025 |publisher=[[BBC News]] }}</ref> However, on 13 October, an opposition lawmaker reported that Rajoelina had fled the country.<ref name="exile"/> Rajoelina addressed the nation later that day, saying that he fled "in fear for his life" but remained defiant, saying that he "would not allow Madagascar to be destroyed" and refusing to step down. The speech was broadcast on the presidency's official [[Facebook]] page but not on national television.<ref name="exile2"/><ref name="exile"/> Rajoelina later confirmed that he had left the country sometime between 11 and 12 October after "explicit and extremely serious threats" were made to his life while he was due to travel abroad for a mission.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 October 2025 |title=Impeached president confirms he fled Madagascar at the weekend |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251016-impeached-president-confirms-he-fled-madagascar-at-the-weekend |work=[[France 24]] |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> Reports suggested that Rajoelina had fled on a French military plane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2025 |title=Andry Rajoelina: Madagascar president hiding in 'safe place' as he warns of coup attempt |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgkzyek0jxro |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2025 |title=France evacuates Madagascar president amid protests and army revolt |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20251013-france-evacuates-madagascar-president-amid-protests-and-army-revolt |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=RFI |language=en}}</ref>

On 14 October 2025, Rajoelina issued a decree dissolving the National Assembly, again without disclosing his location, and reaffirming that he is still in charge of the government.<ref name="exile3">{{cite news |last1=Ntshangase |first1=Nqobile |last2=Inganga |first2=Brian |last3=Imray |first3=Gerald |title=Madagascar's president, hiding in an unknown location, dissolves parliament to deepen crisis |url=https://apnews.com/article/madagascar-protests-rajoelina-ab1e1eb1aca45fe7e80e81314ebdb0c6 |access-date=14 October 2025 |work=AP NEWS |date=14 October 2025}}</ref> Later that day, the National Assembly defied the decree and voted to impeach Rajoelina by 130 votes to one blank,<ref name="auto3"/> as the military said that they have seized power.<ref name="auto4"/>

==Honours==

===National===
* [[File:MDG National Order - Grand Cordon BAR.png|70px]] Grand Cordon of the [[National Order of Madagascar]] (2019)
* [[File:MDG National Order - Grand Cross 1st Class BAR.png|70px]] Grand Cross 1st Class of the [[National Order of Madagascar]] (2009)

===Foreign honours===
* {{Flag|Guinea Bissau}}:
** [[File:Medalha_Amílcar_Cabral.svg|70px]] Recipient of the Medal of Amílcar Cabral (2024)

===Other awards===
* 2000: Entrepreneur of the Year by the magazine ''Écho Australe''<ref>{{cite news |work=Madagascar Tribune |title=Rajoelina Andry Nirina: Brève biographie |date=23 March 2009 |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Breve-biographie,11482.html |access-date=9 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309174739/http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/Breve-biographie,11482.html |archive-date=9 March 2012 |language=fr |url-status=live}}</ref> which named then-mayor of Antananarivo [[Marc Ravalomanana]] their Entrepreneur of the Year in 1999, bestowed the same honor on Rajoelina in 2000.<ref name = Cole/>
* 2003: Best young entrepreneur in Madagascar by French bank BNI [[Crédit Lyonnais]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Andry Rajoelina: La foi agissante |newspaper=Madagascar Tribune |date=16 November 2007 |url=http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/La-foi-agissante,2993.html |access-date=6 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309173120/http://www.madagascar-tribune.com/La-foi-agissante,2993.html |archive-date=9 March 2012 |language=fr |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project auto}}

* {{Official website}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hyppolite Ramaroson]]|as=Head of the Military Directorate}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of presidents of Madagascar|President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar]]|years=2009–2014}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Hery Rajaonarimampianina]]|as=President of Madagascar}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rivo Rakotovao]]<br>({{small|acting}})}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of presidents of Madagascar|President of Madagascar]]|years=2019–2023}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Christian Ntsay]]<br>({{small|acting}})}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Richard Ravalomanana]]<br>({{small|acting}})}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of presidents of Madagascar|President of Madagascar]]|years=2023–2025}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Michael Randrianirina]]|as=[[Council of the Presidency for the Re-Foundation of the Republic of Madagascar|Interim]] President of Madagascar}} 
{{s-end}}

{{Presidents of Madagascar}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Madagascar|Politics}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajoelina, Andry}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Malagasy politicians]]
[[Category:French people of Malagasy descent]]
[[Category:Leaders ousted by a coup]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malagasy businesspeople]]
[[Category:Malagasy Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Mayors of Antananarivo]]
[[Category:Merina people]]
[[Category:Naturalized citizens of France]]
[[Category:People from Antsirabe]]
[[Category:Presidents of Madagascar]]
[[Category:Young Malagasies Determined politicians]]